Linux伊甸园论坛 » C/C++ (STL/boost) » 我是这样学习Linux下C语言编程的-Linux下C语言编程环境的搭建

zhoulifa 发表于 2007-2-9 19:16

我是这样学习Linux下C语言编程的-Linux下C语言编程环境的搭建

要想在Linux下进行C语言编程，首先得搭建好一个编程环境。这里分别说明一下几个必需的几个软件包。
+B5|F_v#q!}Q9c 如果你对Linux下软件安装方法还不清楚，请参考文章“Linux下软件安装方法总结”[url]http://zhoulifa.bokee.com/5444771.html[/url]!x(@-p^
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1、gcc
/zzy-U#E
L6i 要进行C语言编程，首先得有个C语言的编译器，Linux下常用的是GNU C Compiler gcc。软件包的信息如下：
L%ak6\9V%o6D(Wg [quote]
3P"C(erz9TL Package: gcc
q-n&EK{.S7E4Ld Priority: optional
:{.f+|$}8E3z0N*nx Section: devel7Y%d;Z3Fx_V
Installed-Size: 64}!|.i"dF6~Q u
Maintainer: Ubuntu Core Developers <ubuntu-devel@lists.ubuntu.com>is-Q8R3zoe
Original-Maintainer: Debian GCC Maintainers <debian-gcc@lists.debian.org>
E.a:Q[Q,x;pS Architecture: i386
2e%~Ot~ tG Source: gcc-defaults (1.41ubuntu3)KO#n9`#[Y-D
Version: 4:4.1.1-6ubuntu35lMvxCy
Provides: c-compiler
#VEQ's {.j_ [&S Depends: cpp (>= 4:4.1.1-6ubuntu3), gcc-4.1 (>= 4.1.1-2)C-elG9t
Recommends: libc6-dev | libc-dev MVw"y h
Suggests: make, manpages-dev, autoconf, automake1.9, libtool, flex, bison, gdb, gcc-doc4l)K#fzwP mPP9Y
Conflicts: gcc-doc (<< 1:2.95.3) d v/n
`+o{-h?L"z
Filename: pool/main/g/gcc-defaults/gcc_4.1.1-6ubuntu3_i386.deb
6Z$zK-dQJz? Size: 5148f0dlQ)u ~d_d;I6z
MD5sum: 50de0a13f56c9ac41f85ea7fcabde0b2ND/ZQ.DO `h
SHA1: c29cc1ea61d536d8ecb024fac83222c935a2703e
&gR!A_9zHo SHA256: 65103d0dbc2c7508184ac177a8ea5eb90a82d873b0fb7fd65b9764b691673708a8x*q`1S|
Description: The GNU C compiler
sU,`z}6l3]fq This is the GNU C compiler, a fairly portable optimizing compiler for C.8UEA*Yu!e
.
.x6Y"hXj|(i#i w,~ This is a dependency package providing the default GNU C compiler.
`'| ^
F Z*W1Q Bugs: mailto:ubuntu-users@lists.ubuntu.com
k^%E:Z*eK3` Origin: UbuntuW H IN\ i
Task: ubuntu-desktop, kubuntu-desktop, xubuntu-desktopHXxz)zOA1iF
[/quote]u-A#yW-{2qv
我们从上面可以看出这个gcc软件是用来提供默认值的。从Depends可以看出要gcc真正工作必须有对应的cpp和gcc版本。
-Qq0{#Y2j 比如cpp-4.1和gcc-4.1、cpp-3.3和gcc-3.4\e O!nu/Y.A_)F#G

kQT+D!|2IP/dt!~j 2、gcc-* BJ7vl|0~Ru&l
这里以gcc-4.1版本为例，该软件包信息如下：Y? Vm I$O
[quote](t#d){ ol:L
Package: gcc-4.10W?(zY/m2[G,N,mp9K
Priority: optionalydx} rE
Section: devel
W~^
P#bI Installed-Size: 1456
]wj+A9IV j.O Maintainer: Ubuntu Core Developers <ubuntu-devel@lists.ubuntu.com>VKR;g+z!Rt
Original-Maintainer: Debian GCC Maintainers <debian-gcc@lists.debian.org>L RV$c
B6d o"a,Qv}
Architecture: i386
F#co@j Version: 4.1.1-13ubuntu5
D ?w3ZDL)J Replaces: gcj-4.1 (<< 4.1.1), libssp0-dev (<< 4.1.1-6)!p`G@2YV-A
Provides: c-compiler, libssp0-dev5r3`;k.]6|o ]*E
Depends: gcc-4.1-base (= 4.1.1-13ubuntu5), cpp-4.1 (= 4.1.1-13ubuntu5), binutils (>= 2.16.1cvs20051214), libgcc1 (>= 1:4.1.1-13ubuntu5), libc6 (>= 2.4-1)}NF#s:LH
Recommends: libc6-dev (>= 2.3.6-7), libmudflap0-dev (>= 4.1.1-13ubuntu5)
p%ixFiC:t"~ Suggests: gcc-4.1-doc (>= 4.1.1), gcc-4.1-locales (>= 4.1.1), libc6-dev-amd64, lib64gcc1 (>= 1:4.1.1-13ubuntu5)-L4Z1q
Pw`
Conflicts: gcj-4.1 (<< 4.1.1), libssp0-dev (<< 4.1.1-6) N"Wh}H bx
Filename: pool/main/g/gcc-4.1/gcc-4.1_4.1.1-13ubuntu5_i386.debQWd&C[
Size: 609694
#y$U_h^:QDJ.mR:@6o MD5sum: 522696065e5152e9b8f2fe0c637340eb
_"F0Jdc,W SHA1: 3d7fedaccdd6180684849571f15bf75cc8cf0a56
?"kcBQ&C SHA256: e77e3ed94f79d2bd6145fed9446c6216eb7c35a7a0e94148ae9f6d2f7c18d52e)}0h#H8it \
Description: The GNU C compiler
^-THO/Ia L!} l This is the GNU C compiler, a fairly portable optimizing compiler for C.9^,s2c-r{`;^&w
Bugs: mailto:ubuntu-users@lists.ubuntu.comN8juM-mD#D8m1z
Origin: Ubuntu
%N9Xoy3{ x;`d%o Task: ubuntu-desktop, kubuntu-desktop, xubuntu-desktop
N4w[8^/P5Z [/quote]
N/oWUz%d J;I [ 3、cpp
$g-jp2ZD.G gcc要进行程序编译，首先需要进行一个预编译过程。该过程对程序源代码进行预处理。.rL-_+j(Zc1|Z
cpp软件包的信息如下：'D$bz1V$bj
[quote]
6P#D_zYn} Package: cpp
4v4C n[9`!kO2a"v6v Priority: optional(z5V"|0^2jo
Section: interpretersu.exO(A'\ T9v
Installed-Size: 96;b;X!J{%BT
Maintainer: Ubuntu Core Developers <ubuntu-devel@lists.ubuntu.com> HZ:A E
a-i-m!C
Original-Maintainer: Debian GCC Maintainers <debian-gcc@lists.debian.org>
G+g\r
n Architecture: i3862OhIr3l0T6Y&Je'F)~
Source: gcc-defaults (1.41ubuntu3)i,Ow|-ESu MEd
Version: 4:4.1.1-6ubuntu3
C&PK-h,}L4e Depends: cpp-4.1 (>= 4.1.1-2)(Q6c
C/~,i+j
Suggests: cpp-doc
uV }#FP Conflicts: cpp-doc (<< 1:2.95.3) \0]+`x;YK
X
Filename: pool/main/g/gcc-defaults/cpp_4.1.1-6ubuntu3_i386.deb
:rQ r-N+V0J#G.C;^N2w Size: 31172
E Y-ftblB MD5sum: 1d16eb3da2478b7ded37d185968237b0^ F?$A5I
SHA1: 688cc7572783577825c5430252b04da31977c129ar^^(^
SHA256: a75d7c4446f45e94ec947307d90cf2776441baa78cd511192128e6cb1108f6a2
UA
V(O?;A,N Description: The GNU C preprocessor (cpp)
g)T^,tGMo5j The GNU C preprocessor is a macro processor that is used automatically
v2Uk,xv;p;c)h&q,J by the GNU C compiler to transform programs before actual compilation. Rn`%Mu
.
+RS3]'v3EZxF This package has been separated from gcc for the benefit of those who
ao
E&ViqmF|W require the preprocessor but not the compiler.a&D
?.l)T/N
.
9p:z1a-`KQ!h.p This is a dependency package providing the default GNU C preprocessor.c[5V F.nj7ogZ
Bugs: mailto:ubuntu-users@lists.ubuntu.com
(Dw#~s:h? ib(z Origin: Ubuntu2S'n:XgdU1v_J"Su\
Task: ubuntu-desktop, kubuntu-desktop, edubuntu-desktop, xubuntu-desktop

rKU#uH$~\ [/quote]k2_a\\1i&Y
]8B
4、cpp-*
2G
is7X'oc)V%gI 这里以cpp-4.1为例，软件包信息如下：*NZ0h4YN!a$xG%Y
[quote]:X,]2q"qzm
Package: cpp-4.1N?#^bR\6]
Priority: optional
,B aVX ] Section: interpreters&]Lo3\2Q/lCl
Installed-Size: 5196/?f|ez)rz g
Maintainer: Ubuntu Core Developers <ubuntu-devel@lists.ubuntu.com>)D'[:f.pXkT}
Original-Maintainer: Debian GCC Maintainers <debian-gcc@lists.debian.org>8oP&`I!Y uH3D1M
Architecture: i386O K,h3s'a#~y
Source: gcc-4.1
]-f]rF cx$U
z
Version: 4.1.1-13ubuntu51w&x!BF2@|
Replaces: gcj-4.1 (<< 4.1.1)5ec2H~4c2]
Depends: gcc-4.1-base (= 4.1.1-13ubuntu5), libc6 (>= 2.4-1)i2\7~k(G2T
Suggests: gcc-4.1-locales (>= 4.1.1).Y,yrXR0Z&t'Us
Conflicts: gcj-4.1 (<< 4.1.1)
O)r4H(q.N*dEC Filename: pool/main/g/gcc-4.1/cpp-4.1_4.1.1-13ubuntu5_i386.deb
8N8e#M-BS)N zdh_-o5? Size: 2309026sq&Wdg$n&m,A\8@
MD5sum: abfee8be3d7aeb0ad3eb4e7738838dca
Fl9z.l4TD z SHA1: 8a51c79c2b961686b98617772b9da4800f173dbe

yU3fA }pw*b+c SHA256: 115aad59c02eee574066e21e6ed7a32bee1ed86e3abb73189645928832258ea0
S4z{(}7C~jw Description: The GNU C preprocessor
\@:V!Bn(Q)z1T)iz&B A macro processor that is used automatically by the GNU C compiler
]4M"J
p9`RD#{ to transform programs before actual compilation.
9XIRy:oFj .
-A AeX&rM5F(S.? This package has been separated from gcc for the benefit of those whoe#]D&K9FZ
require the preprocessor but not the compiler.
4d Bpy\1\o5rG Bugs: mailto:ubuntu-users@lists.ubuntu.comt IH,r%d3n9G&P\']
Origin: Ubuntu
"|Cw$N a%E/B,a@p Task: ubuntu-desktop, kubuntu-desktop, edubuntu-desktop, xubuntu-desktop)~*YXRdu7I[RG
[/quote]
(X ~9F{/V7ek+[ g 5、libgcc16i#FN3DO w
gcc还依赖于libgcc1这个软件包。libgcc1是用于gcc软件自身的必须组件。软件包信息如下：} `3kI5SQ[
[quote]
2G#}Qt `Q-? Package: libgcc1
2[7r}8}f/za| Priority: required
3}/H&V2xE Section: libs

VH B\DJ"s4Ici Installed-Size: 68
L+_1o/Erz
BuCD Maintainer: Ubuntu Core Developers <ubuntu-devel@lists.ubuntu.com>p2u0`*H c-U
mOD$zaN
Original-Maintainer: Debian GCC Maintainers <debian-gcc@lists.debian.org>
XUW1mv0K Architecture: i386 BAe\gpk\5S
Source: gcc-4.1 (4.1.1-13ubuntu5)
i_%r_n Version: 1:4.1.1-13ubuntu58| t_BI#O*JB
Depends: gcc-4.1-base (= 4.1.1-13ubuntu5), libc6 (>= 2.4-1)
7c C0tv7KX.p Filename: pool/main/g/gcc-4.1/libgcc1_4.1.1-13ubuntu5_i386.deb
9A/W-D%B{ Size: 21404
l
Fx3l(^_!e:l MD5sum: 879959bc964403be55aa096a8bb269f9
;Y$aS"\C SHA1: 3a3cfd824e25a2ce9008d98da1269f5ffdb7507f+@]r\1U)pZ)y
SHA256: 62f3f64daaa1dd19fc76d966718184d1e0e0ee9f733f7f955b8b09e27b69a7d1
GZ?D(L1l)P ZT Description: GCC support library1Z }&{b`+h+Kz
Shared version of the support library, a library of internal subroutines
zK$D3m4xx^4^c)] that GCC uses to overcome shortcomings of particular machines, orr\'vfU'E4k6d
special needs for some languages.D*Xd5G6X&`p%`!IxE
Bugs: mailto:ubuntu-users@lists.ubuntu.com
j[:[L%S9DA Origin: UbuntuS+Ta&N%v
Task: minimalo&m,SU*Z5OS
[/quote]7K7D rP HmX,o
6、libc6u)Ke.BR&\6vM3L5f
C语言程序要能够运行，需要一些运行时库文件和一些库文件操作命令。libc6这个软件包就是用来提供这些的。这个软件包几乎是Linux系统自带的，因为所有C程序的运行都离不开此软件包。软件包信息如下：
%xH_S k&fM-nE;Waw [quote];M0z1kQ-z8y.e5~
Package: libc6"`-Y4z+x3I5O mUHu
Priority: required
5K0_z~pb[ Section: base'SRioN-y'_
Installed-Size: 9992S2p:\-i4B']8f
Maintainer: Ubuntu Core Developers <ubuntu-devel@lists.ubuntu.com>
k ]y9{|3I Original-Maintainer: GNU Libc Maintainers <debian-glibc@lists.debian.org>#sKsd8M Y
Architecture: i386
M6g(aSMZe Source: glibcePa2z7W&y$V:s
Version: 2.4-1ubuntu12.3
S-C6R\3Drr)t Replaces: ldso (<= 1.9.11-9), timezone, timezones, gconv-modules, libtricks, libc6-bin, netkit-rpc, netbase (<< 4.0)j?p:h%W+J"ne
Provides: glibc-2.3.6-2, glibc-2.3.5-34K1a;u"@j^&[OkLyU
Depends: locales (>= 2.3.11)
](Z.O0^+W8_s Suggests: locales, glibc-doc
bm)Pq D#AH } o)b#G:B Conflicts: strace (<< 4.0-0), libnss-db (<= 2.2-6.1.1), timezone, timezones, gconv-modules, libtricks, libc6-doc, libc5 (<< 5.4.33-7), libpthread0 (<< 0.7-10), libc6-bin, libwcsmbs, apt (<< 0.3.0), libglib1.2 (<< 1.2.1-2), netkit-rpc, wine (<< 0.0.20031118-1), cyrus-imapd (<< 1.5.19-15), e2fsprogs (<< 1.35-7), initrd-tools (<< 0.1.84.1), libterm-readline-gnu-perl (<< 1.15-2)CJSd7e1m
Filename: pool/main/g/glibc/libc6_2.4-1ubuntu12.3_i386.deb
[o8IdNy
t Size: 4129182
e-?&yG:_k!o MD5sum: 012994de4fa9093d6fdba6c2304ddb9a
\&z8zi9TX"Y&[+h'W(Ip#B SHA1: 187b850b1ac6153838ae2c1f8518342325ffe2ca!dZ'{8G6N@$_0f"D#d
SHA256: 6ad0ee8cccb09117df4f6c02a275940b8bb27883219b205cad1840ccf870a790%n_'WQ7lS
Description: GNU C Library: Shared libraries b4T3g
qc4` G#B4A5hh`
Contains the standard libraries that are used by nearly all programs onz_)BR Mo,h
the system. This package includes shared versions of the standard C libraryQ(}'x*B o9_l
and the standard math library, as well as many others.$r0yy0aZAZ
Bugs: mailto:ubuntu-users@lists.ubuntu.com
9pE:T+dM;M@ @b Origin: Ubuntu
YH^Ik2w(^{ Task: minimal$f#X]8A va
xX3C3m
[/quote]zE[ZJ#bt
7、binutils
p DPJ-i
Y
程序从源代码到可执行程序的过程中，必然需要一些工具来辅助完成。binutils软件包就是提供一些工具的，软件包信息如下：
} _w5^$Cl_UlwL [quote] O p9ZR}
Package: binutils
5]"\,F1v]*M"Pl Priority: optional
1HV;Y%E#K0{{ Section: develP4W,i-Ex9]
Installed-Size: 7076
?2D4oi#P1y'i2VP Maintainer: James Troup <james@nocrew.org>U'y,wU q Hdl
Architecture: i386
sHB0DP+`hT-Uo Version: 2.17-1ubuntu1)Wr7??H
Provides: elf-binutils
k:N:]L2l+?:s Depends: libc6 (>= 2.4-1)
!s+C j.F$sP$of Suggests: binutils-doc (= 2.17-1ubuntu1)q-yK6?-es
Conflicts: gas, elf-binutils, modutils (<< 2.4.19-1)
8W Rdlf8Y9z Filename: pool/main/b/binutils/binutils_2.17-1ubuntu1_i386.debL a'R*s Vhp
Size: 1440506 B D-tC L,~,XY6O"V
|
MD5sum: e9ae8f7ad19ce94dbfb2d96c3023941b
|s4i:G(U9o m$H}5V SHA1: 58bb97665e26785b1667f9d988443b9719c57bea$RY(wW^g,g,Z
SHA256: 43c9ee10660b853deea247c21c5ad61d5d184e6b13484eb6c6cd696d17eae31e M~)Fw3VA2d}
Description: The GNU assembler, linker and binary utilities
&WQ0z%w)k| The programs in this package are used to assemble, link and manipulate4^x9z\ zj#E_
binary and object files.  They may be used in conjunction with a compiler
Te6K{L\ and various libraries to build programs.
-^,m3`LIMPkQLi Bugs: mailto:ubuntu-users@lists.ubuntu.com
_YMX!H Origin: UbuntuPz1kW
f0c4a!Q&~-??4WE
Task: ubuntu-desktop, kubuntu-desktop, edubuntu-server, xubuntu-desktopS:O-Gc-F xmGt{
[/quote]
8G3yuF'b)s 这个软件包提供下面这些非常有用的命令：}Z/J,J8Q&iX
[quote]
?7_+b;K5K5v%UmKQ /usr/bin/size  # 显示每个目标文件或归档文件的章节大小和总的大小
X e8d9AFG /usr/bin/objdump # 显示目标文件的信息9JBgWMs-Qq/K
/usr/bin/ar # 归档文件管理工具，可以创建、修改或打开一个归档文件C8qa'c|g
/usr/bin/strings  # 显示一个文件中的可打印字符串，比如文本文件的全部或目标文件里的字符串(|(BC@b_.`]
/usr/bin/ranlib # 产生归档文件的索引 H{Gb4Yf7_"^
/usr/bin/objcopy # 复制或转换目标文件
K&\VD4n i@&@'Y6D7r*x /usr/bin/addr2line # 把一个地址信息转换为文件名和行号UMX[}H
J X%X
/usr/bin/readelf # 显示 ELF 文件信息， ELF 文件格式即 Linux 目前流行的可执行文件格式&C0n
@W'O&A9nO z
/usr/bin/nm # 显示目标文件里的符号
_D @n)M c x0wVK:| /usr/bin/strip # 去除目标文件里的符号
h:h5|8`\ C
m![ /usr/bin/c++filt # 识别 C++ 和 Java 符号
L8t2S|
H+RCI /usr/bin/as # GNU 汇编工具
&s.yf'_\NAi /usr/bin/gprof #

yi(O:W!HKKjV /usr/bin/ld # GNU 链接工具z9_/O2HB(Nu/I
[/quote]
t!ekJcT.H 8、locales
+gfW)X])QK 这个软件包提供本地语言环境支持，软件包信息如下：awvZ]$R-z] b {UN
[quote]5u|
FI\&`)rs
Package: locales
Oe{2md/mZ Priority: requiredS? oq$E9c` }T4_
Section: base9Z6i m*g6PRA
Installed-Size: 72842pP(i+v AcZx#}2K
Maintainer: Martin Pitt <martin.pitt@ubuntu.com>
u9M$M;]O:N
d Architecture: all,Xq8XNp!I8a5Y
Source: langpack-locales
)A:~%O1EE U(C Version: 2.3.22F w]H9v
L5ptV
Replaces: belocs-locale-data, base-config, libc6 (<< 2.3.6-0ubuntu6), libc6.1 (<< 2.3.6-0ubuntu6)(Xd KSx3L Q0J
Depends: belocs-locales-bin (>= 2.4), tzdatae`1~jKfz#`
Conflicts: belocs-locale-data, base-config
!kV:vH4h#gt%r Filename: pool/main/l/langpack-locales/locales_2.3.22_all.deb
b#}b7X+C4O-`2S Size: 3023314DX6ha*EP
MD5sum: bfc03e46a01addb754b9ea03979c3458
RC!d z9} O Z#n,M-DX SHA1: 219943450cf30851870b89cabe766da04b4cdff3:G't#_bYE*S/n
SHA256: fe9345e58e70db1c8c6e798f40a07d988f2d4c5de4408e9c8ac3db87d99fbe24I0}re1d#@N??
Description: common files for locale supportwiO\Ju.yHN
This package provides support for localized environments (locales). ?HcORq}
It installs character and transliteration maps, provides the POSIXR-ob(WlmJ
locale definition and provides common scripts for language pack
Y!{r6h1[8^Z2O[r handling.
|*n9T.qS[-m .
*`o+Q,h"T:\ {L The actual locale definitions are not part of this package, these are
)hw7D!qp+q\ shipped in the language packs and are installed and removedO_B"]_*] S
automatically.$|L3\Y|q
pp
Bugs: mailto:ubuntu-users@lists.ubuntu.com
`Khm#x;HKW Origin: Ubuntu
4|1L1nr/fB`t6gcx Task: minimal
x7k8LxZ [/quote]
N^!p,?Q5_W&z 虽然上面列了这么多必需的软件包，但实际上因为他们之间有依赖关系，所以在安装完系统后我们只需要输入下面一个命令：*X/YAw7l;V_)^s
[code]
:f8r^"M5D j$r apt-get install gccp$e1u lsOw0M
[/code]4b"u)kHML)g
系统就会自动帮忙把这些软件包安装上。)O.y2u:M
k$g4q
/************关于本文档********************************************!qhi:O5N6@IQ
*filename: 我是这样学习Linux下C语言编程的-Linux下C语言编程环境的搭建
Kzw*wCA)C5N [ *purpose: 列出Linux下C语言编程者必备的几个软件包
1Y5\_(y8Y5a#g *wrote by: zhoulifa(zhoulifa@163.com) 周立发([url]http://zhoulifa.bokee.com[/url])
q c_7L@-^-Fp Linux爱好者 Linux知识传播者 SOHO族 开发者 最擅长C语言w opk9Wo j
*date time:2007-02-09 18:20qiI8yL_H%yv
*Note: 任何人可以任意复制代码并运用这些文档，当然包括你的商业用途1P#o8Z&C ml
* 但请遵循GPL
`hC!UP#f,@J6D *Thanks to:Ubuntu5Sw9Dp[ qU^c
*Hope:希望越来越多的人贡献自己的力量，为科学技术发展出力
5}.^~:g(rG.N+?5S5] * 科技站在巨人的肩膀上进步更快！感谢有开源前辈的贡献！
6DhA6}cG7Y *********************************************************************/Ms_6n(^/f|
W
9、libc6-dev:x\2k:A
aPh~
我们要进行软件开发，必然需要一些库文件和头文件，在Linux常用的就是GNU的C语言库libc，要安装开发工具必须安装这个libc6-dev软件包，信息如下：
*o{2Iftd z ec [quote]Z`JE[3L
Package: libc6-dev{ _KI"swb
Priority: optional

Z*WI8JG5l Section: libdevel
XTXO/M(U7sW6IFk4B Installed-Size: 7872"z(ZZj1`E6e$xob
Maintainer: Ubuntu Core Developers <ubuntu-devel@lists.ubuntu.com>
"[;W:C+pj$z.o&J Original-Maintainer: GNU Libc Maintainers <debian-glibc@lists.debian.org>
A6]"C+v
w%WY o9g Architecture: i386
:iiN,] |I$| Source: glibcbo ~
uD#Q
Version: 2.4-1ubuntu12.3]1K|nU
Replaces: man-db (<= 2.3.10-41), gettext (<= 0.10.26-1), ppp (<= 2.2.0f-24), libgdbmg1-dev (<= 1.7.3-24), ldso (<= 1.9.11-9), netkit-rpc, netbase (<< 4.0), kerberos4kth-dev (<< 1.2.2-10), libc6-prof (<< 2.3.5-2)

d Va[jJ Provides: libc-dev
1VbGm8{ Depends: libc6 (= 2.4-1ubuntu12.3), linux-libc-dev
gR0@?$Q:zqa&g Recommends: gcc | c-compiler
7KmfV$Ss
G Suggests: glibc-doc, manpages-dev
[^"CD@M.WA Conflicts: libstdc++2.10-dev (<< 1:2.95.2-15), gcc-2.95 (<< 1:2.95.3-9), libpthread0-dev, libdl1-dev, libdb1-dev, libgdbm1-dev, libc6-dev (<< 2.0.110-1), locales (<< 2.1.3-5), libstdc++2.9-dev, netkit-rpc, libc-dev
(u(Y$V+Fq'{XH Filename: pool/main/g/glibc/libc6-dev_2.4-1ubuntu12.3_i386.deb1cD-_Wa1k.XRu
Size: 1851740hv,[,}w6s]D
MD5sum: 3d251ab59720128c3d95e427649e1528O;[/W j#B8w'v"q8V
SHA1: a80d219c65eb3f9f78be17dd3cd0f0017fbb0f78$O[tP8G1h
SHA256: a2b0869b9b732aa56f9108849960e9f72b13bbe76bf58d8af7965c937bdaea0a
{6h E;X_+d~ Description: GNU C Library: Development Libraries and Header Files
&l{!i#hqg2X+Q Contains the symlinks, headers, and object files needed to compileZu `}A7X.b;gc
and link programs which use the standard C library.zqM#~|5WXv
Bugs: mailto:ubuntu-users@lists.ubuntu.com
1r ~)L"S{|T8CA Origin: Ubuntu
7D"OT`6cZ Task: kubuntu-desktopBEB"Rl#JJ\(l
M5P
[/quote]-`$N:Of&j
10、glibc-doc
kZ,`V$? L$xo 进行C语言开发过程中必须遇到一些问题需要参考一下GNU的文档，一种方法当然是去gnu.org，但如果上不了网呢？就最好把这个软件包glibc-doc安装上，此软件包信息如下：.cw? Y6m,Y
[quote]L.k:cX6xi
Package: glibc-doc0`5IHEGu$|-Z5U
......
c |+WUK9Q^ Description: GNU C Library: DocumentationA;}$n+H(r+|
Contains man pages for libpthread functions and the complete GNU C LibraryBW:IZc&Ty7I
ChangeLog.  The GNU C Library Reference manual has been moved into
$M8AD0c` glibc-doc-reference for licensing reasons.8X,a}0P&xP}ea
Bugs: mailto:ubuntu-users@lists.ubuntu.com9y1hlyd+Hgo#G
Origin: Ubuntu
e7S(y!i*y [/quote]1J)An7H+p:wI%y
11、glibc-doc-reference3|(ZF9P3Y$iIt
理由同上，编程人员最喜欢的参考手册就是这个软件包了，可以称为Linux下C语言编程参考。此软件包信息如下：F'G/P5v Xn G8V
[quote]o6cofw$O
SC
Package: glibc-doc-reference1lLhI0Oa6Ow
......:wfBZnFm[N
Description: GNU C Library: Documentation
x%r~h ak%W Contains The GNU C Library Reference manual in info and html format.
uAG7V%{(B Bugs: mailto:ubuntu-users@lists.ubuntu.com
Q*XecDp?!z Origin: Ubuntu
D}!H0e1NGy [/quote]+ct`g1Xap
此参考手册有html和info两种格式，你可以用浏览器打开/usr/share/doc/glibc-doc-reference/html目录下的手册一页页看。把这里每个网页一点点看完了学会了基本上没有搞不定的问题了。+r5S QbB? P!ta
}hn,} sRJI!t5^:sCd
12、manpages-dev
:rs6_^+b@S$Y'w 在编程的过程中有时会记不得某个函数的用法，通常这时查man手册是比较快的，所以把这个manpages-dev软件包安装上。想要看某个函数的用法就man它。软件包信息如下：
%VAq
{TP#k r%}c [quote]\.~GF*|
Package: manpages-dev
pet.Y"c Priority: optional
q5m+@l,U#z Section: doc*znl"w'Z1z/n6~x1Km~
Installed-Size: 2908-mt}c:he~
Maintainer: Martin Schulze <joey@debian.org>|?6\:P)Dc.`
Architecture: allyHKzN3h(p
Source: manpages%^#u$`.D!{O2]N-Op
Version: 2.34-1
"f D]"[*T Replaces: glibc-doc (<< 2.3.6-8) S;b%`S4O%Va
Depends: manpages|y%h2@Cs
Suggests: man-browser
TwdV_8A$Vf Filename: pool/main/m/manpages/manpages-dev_2.34-1_all.deb
,N3v]!P7y8~
i7Z Size: 1212216 WdP4V*pu#bDs
MD5sum: 0edb841a2ab4f5a821e5e9c64d32f6f2"G%R,H^fP'T
SHA1: 6b5939fa8ce076b90b7284323dabd78b9dec3c37|Sp:r Z*o
e7{
SHA256: 42757735e4e8257e4569ea83cebbb05d7eda094bd9fb67c227f26179365ce610%@+`'VV*VY%\N
Description: Manual pages about using GNU/Linux for developmentVj;Z7EbV
These man pages describe the Linux programming interface, including
}}iM$@ \I8`c these two sections:
(ze2ErzzV   2 = Linux system calls.
V!O'akN3q{F{   3 = Library calls (note that a more comprehensive source of information
xh~uBMiL?f       may be found in the glibc-doc package).
:HwR1v-W0Mz1] O!g'e Bugs: mailto:ubuntu-users@lists.ubuntu.com
qe,^r7_;Q!V Origin: Ubuntu
&o?
\ P~MkCth [/quote] }:m9FP3a
这个软件包提供系统调用和库函数的在线手册。'YU^(~gr9S
+m;mRes NQ
13、makew"D[0U-@%TFJ
在进行大项目时，通常我们的程序可能是由很多源文件组成的，各个源文件生成自己的目标文件，多个目标文件才链接形成一个新的目标文件或可执行程序。3nN/OhO6fP.z
在某个源文件发生变化时，我们只需要按照这种依赖关系运行各命令重新生成程序即可，而不需要对所有源文件重新编译。哪个该重新编译呢？可以让make程序帮忙 维护，该软件包信息如下：lI1a7_Bau
[quote] ^$EOsH8`{
Package: make
BT7v'\4r Priority: optional
!f1?^2nQmP9g$W Section: devel
i_
E+a4b | Installed-Size: 1200
8Xqeta:E3K Maintainer: Manoj Srivastava <srivasta@debian.org>k&y|h^xJ
Architecture: i3863A6mY/b
ck0{L0INU
Source: make-dfsgRwP kb6t;y
Version: 3.81-2"K4v8r ~q GO Wk `
Depends: libc6 (>= 2.4-1)1kBWQ*za
w
Suggests: make-doc-non-dfsg,tn5E:e {o
Filename: pool/main/m/make-dfsg/make_3.81-2_i386.deb
pAMmalwk Size: 148054
*w9Y F2D
p-K^(Q MD5sum: 818d9b86d322629e5f218e8a101157c9
!lCtS.Ri.g4G&],R SHA1: b5a04fd649b418b689c4918f17b5d94d01b11c5d7i)BbqLN
SHA256: 6dc9467599278802a34c2a7ee9125a7f4b42719fcc8fdab8124bde7db80c5328
e)@bzJ%BJxZ Description: The GNU version of the "make" utility.ehqYZ3p
GNU Make is a program that determines which pieces of a large(h^(w!q1_
program need to be recompiled and issues the commands to recompileAm4O8W.z!?
G7d6|+T
them, when necessary. More information about GNU Make can be found in
l]qs3R the `make' Info page. The upstream sources for this package are}D |6b3j4c
available at the location [url]ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/[/url]. The
x2i4l3M7IF1U documentation for this package does not meet the Debian Free Software
gj?(l v#r$V/[?R Guidelines, and has been removed from this package.?"zd Z`TZf
Bugs: mailto:ubuntu-users@lists.ubuntu.comf g&X X c)C
Origin: Ubuntuv p0iE^{.M
Task: ubuntu-desktop, kubuntu-desktop, xubuntu-desktop
n\o#Hy j"A tw [/quote]
0nq|:j(dL j 14、make-doc
J2RI*?6sZ5Y;k 要运行make工具，先得学会怎么用它吧？看这个软件包提供的文档就行了。此软件包信息如下：GiX^ C`r1V
[quote]-N@W6g|O~Nk
Package: make-doc
dv(k Jg~%x ......
+{G[?N&y+Kk"C Description: Documentation for the GNU version of the "make" utility.ZWn)K|
This package contains the documentation for GNU Make.  The upstream$o9\9NN9xt6G
sources for this package are available at the location)B`4B7m?%B
[url]ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/[/url]. This package has been stripped down to
F3\'C8X-s)b6zE;q` only contain the documentation; since the documentation is coveredDzJ3|8cKzWI0Y2c
under a non-free license and thus has been moved toG\9]~9v:W\
non-free/doc. Make itself remains in Debian.Z\(P7] x`A5\(J
Enhances: make
m?6LKXa#]8[G Bugs: mailto:ubuntu-users@lists.ubuntu.com
9Vd K3Q8]!_,xx"K Origin: Ubuntu
&]}V$y&v [/quote]%]dB1i7k8lb
安装好这个软件包后，用浏览器打开/usr/share/doc/make-doc/make.html文档开始学习make的用法吧。
*@E`1B7m(J4~v
R5`
hH"ci#a3z 15、gdbixTUY:n ]S
编写程序必然需要调试，在Linux常用的程序调试工具是gdb，此软件包信息如下：

y!n-J*M{ [quote]*o&{3M.Ya
Package: gdbE,N2kU"i?2?$Y
Priority: optionalE*y/D o(]+Q+di*] ?0c
Section: develuY&E_q)t
Installed-Size: 5108HD[6PE
Maintainer: Ubuntu Core Developers <ubuntu-devel@lists.ubuntu.com>#KT,I$~q"o-w Bi
f
Original-Maintainer: Daniel Jacobowitz <dan@debian.org>
e.O'mcqKP
Architecture: i386
7Ix4Q U!{'Z:a5T2Y Version: 6.4.90.dfsg-1ubuntu3
ig'@rV-m$Sc_ Replaces: gdb-arm, insight (<< 6.1+cvs.2004.04.07-1)M[9z HucG7b\
Depends: libc6 (>= 2.4-1), libncurses5 (>= 5.4-5), libreadline5 (>= 5.1)g}9v4uw4b
c6e
Suggests: gdb-docD$\ jX6w
Conflicts: gdb-arm&D"wc |
@0SW)U
Filename: pool/main/g/gdb/gdb_6.4.90.dfsg-1ubuntu3_i386.deb
*VdXO!q*q Size: 2371532/[*|%^Ge)e C]V;R
MD5sum: c3483bd4246e5a15e1a940d4b907c45e
#\4G*OT?j)]"p8Qi SHA1: 986b32bde241bef04e3e61a3fbe74e16f32b526ajGW&?)L-sqc
SHA256: 69adcb23c8be1e0a50bb59f916a32a7da90836b02e08d2ca84e8ae63fad2fc01@6i"xj$H@
Description: The GNU Debugger
'[,Z&H}` GDB is a source-level debugger, capable of breaking programs at
+R {6^)n#z any specific line, displaying variable values, and determining{d:S~9X8gOg5}
where errors occurred. Currently, it works for C, C++, Fortran,
#ACGP~| Modula 2 and Java programs. A must-have for any serious
P}(d2OuX programmer. `k$q1x0HZ
Bugs: mailto:ubuntu-users@lists.ubuntu.com#@"Bj*k"W?3dS^d
Origin: Ubuntu
:Z)c/c8bypz Task: ubuntu-desktop, kubuntu-desktop, edubuntu-desktop
OA^+}9dn [/quote]w(^K%u)][a(@g
16、gdb-doc8l+[;] vRS
有了上面的gdb程序调试工具了，怎么学会使用它呢？安装这个软件包gdb-doc，即gdb的文档，此软件包信息如下： J a Ftk.?QL
[quote]
f7WJ/S'W%DqZo Package: gdb-doc
vv]M?Au PdO ......o
ZT gN
Description: The GNU Debugger Documentation
Pb jmXw ]#j GDB is a source-level debugger, capable of breaking programs at&j yNVe [1m
any specific line, displaying variable values, and determining`#hTwU"y|p
where errors occurred. Currently, it works for C, C++, Fortran,
&Y{1xl4|+]rtE Modula 2 and Java programs. A must-have for any serious
-a+deS E programmer.3X"`Q!|4c FL
.
1mz\4D#R]9w This package contains the GDB and GDB Internals manuals. A8w B*o@ P
l/a
Bugs: mailto:ubuntu-users@lists.ubuntu.com7yVsb2?t+L
Origin: UbuntuKHL(| {e,m5} d w
[/quote]
8S3hu
mkZ:u 安装好软件后就可以通过电脑上的文档自学gdb的使用了。
X^0}!L ^]
Y M
9XH$s8[w't 17、编辑器
C}8x \d 要编写C程序，总得有个编辑工具吧？Linux下这类工具相当多，关键在于熟练掌握一种。
4YEo g;l u[s0?g.k 比如文本界面的编辑器vi, vim, emacs等
H Wyr7z9h;`p 比如图形界面的编辑器gedit, kate, kwrite等M E8o%~!oYJ-h
又比如IDE环境的：anjuta, eclipse, kdevelop等
bDr0]~
ug*~N7r_u 选择一个自己习惯的熟练使用起来就行了。
9h2V,vL:pn1M
JIRn9u4\(@ 这些只是基本的Linux下C编程环境必须的软件包。如果这些熟练掌握了，可以试试下面这些软件包：;_)O7[ Ef(D
autoconf,  automake1.9, libtool, flex, bison
|.es_f'ML 当然还有对应的文档用于自学。9qy!t{s%e
甚至可以试试IDE环境下其它语言编程，比如gtk, qt等

Illidan 发表于 2007-2-23 02:27

很全面，可以当辞书用了。

luren04 发表于 2008-4-23 10:39

基本上都安装了新版本的。

dearvoid 发表于 2008-4-23 12:49

automake/autoconf/libtool 不太好用, 可以考虑切换到 [url=http://www.cmake.org/]CMake[/url]

luren04 发表于 2008-4-23 13:28

CMake感觉也不怎么样，可能是习惯问题吧。

dearvoid 发表于 2008-4-23 13:34

感觉 cmake 还是容易多了 :) 当然, 如果已经比较熟悉 autotools 的话倒是没有很大必要用 cmake

limonene 发表于 2008-4-23 13:42

只想看看回帖后面有没有广告！

查看完整版本: 我是这样学习Linux下C语言编程的-Linux下C语言编程环境的搭建