作者:oom
FreeBSD4.8安装,汉化全过程
机器的主要配置 赛扬950,256M内存,nVidia Gforce2MX,硬盘40G+20G
第一块硬盘分区:
Primary: 2G(Linux 的 / ext3 )
6G(WinXP 的 C:\ NTFS)
4G(FreeBSD)
Extened: 10G(WinXP 的 E:\ NTFS )
10G(WinXP 的 F:\ NTFS )
(Linux 的 /usr )
第二块硬盘分区:
Primary: 12G(WinXP D:\ Fat32)
Extened: Linux的其他分区比如 /home, /opt,swap等
原有系统为WinXP,Redhat9,由grub引导.
FreeBSD只能装在primary分区上.
从硬盘安装FreeBSD4.8:
只需要第一个ISO,将其全部解压到 D:\FREEBSD目录下,用tools目录下的fdimage做两张启动盘
fdimage ..\floppies\kern.flp a:
fdimage ..\floppies\mfsroot.flp a:
重起,用kern.flp的那张引导,会有提示需要插入第二张软盘.
开始安装之前先配置一下内核,把ps/2鼠标的flags由0x0改为0x284,不知道是不是必要,
网上一篇帖子介绍的.
我只有4G空间给FreeBSD,在其中我划了4个slices:
/ 256M
swp 256M
/home 128M
/usr 剩下的3G多
安装过程很简单,选择安装媒介的时候就选DOS就OK了!记得把ports也装上!
安装的时候没有装FreeBSD的boot loader,还是grub好用,等装好之后进linux改写 /boot/grub/grub.conf
添上
title FreeBSD 4.8
root (hd0,2,a)
kernel /boot/loader
title Floppy 加上下面3行可以通过软盘启动,凭印象写的,不知道写的对不对
rootnoverify(fd0)
chainloader +1
就可以引导它了.其中hd0表示第一块硬盘,2表示FreeBSD的分区,a是/所在的slice.
我是完全安装的,安装之后空间为:
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Avail Capacity Mounted on
/dev/ad0s3a 257998 136494 100866 58% /
/dev/ad0s3e 128990 65872 52800 56% /home
/dev/ad0s3f 3490258 1954062 1256976 61% /usr
配置X:
xf86cfg,之后把XF86Config照着rh9的来修改.
汉化FreeBSD:
网上很多帖子都说的很简单用kde自己安装字体,其实美化的效果并不好.他们太容易满足了 :P
我把美化RH9的方法用在FreeBSD上发现效果非常不错.下面详细介绍一下.
1. 以root进入/usr/ports/chinese/kde3-i18n-zh_CN/里
#make install clean
2. 在/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/里建目录 TrueType (随你喜欢什么名字)
cp字体文件到这个目录下 SimSun18030.ttf, simsun.ttf, tahoma.ttf, tahomabd.ttf
在这个目录下新建文件fonts.dir内容为: 在这个目录下新建文件fonts.dir内容为:
62
tahoma.ttf -misc-kai-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-ascii-0
tahoma.ttf -misc-kai-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1
tahoma.ttf -misc-kai-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-15
simsun.ttf -misc-kai-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-c-0-gbk-0
simsun.ttf -misc-kai-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-c-0-iso10646-1
simsun.ttf -misc-kai-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-c-0-gb2312.1980-0
simsun.ttf -misc-fixed-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-c-0-gb2312.1980-0
simsun.ttf -misc-fixed-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-c-0-gbk-0
simsun.ttf -misc-fixed-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-c-0-iso10646-1
tahoma.ttf -misc-fixed-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1
SimSun18030.ttf -misc-SimSun18030-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-c-0-gb18030.2000-0
ai=0.3:SimSun18030.ttf -misc-SimSun18030-medium-i-normal--0-0-0-0-c-0-gb18030.2000-0
ds=y:SimSun18030.ttf -misc-SimSun18030-bold-r-normal--0-0-0-0-c-0-gb18030.2000-0
ds=y:ai=0.3:SimSun18030.ttf -misc-SimSun18030-bold-i-normal--0-0-0-0-c-0-gb18030.2000-0
simsun.ttf -misc-SimSun-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-c-0-gb2312.1980-0
ai=0.3:simsun.ttf -misc-SimSun-medium-i-normal--0-0-0-0-c-0-gb2312.1980-0
ds=y:simsun.ttf -misc-SimSun-bold-r-normal--0-0-0-0-c-0-gb2312.1980-0
ds=y:ai=0.3:simsun.ttf -misc-SimSun-bold-i-normal--0-0-0-0-c-0-gb2312.1980-0
tahoma.ttf -misc-SimSun-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1
ai=0.3:tahoma.ttf -misc-SimSun-medium-i-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1
tahomabd.ttf -misc-SimSun-bold-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1
ai=0.3:tahomabd.ttf -misc-SimSun-bold-i-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1
simsun.ttf -misc-SimSun-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-c-0-gbk-0
ai=0.3:simsun.ttf -misc-SimSun-medium-i-normal--0-0-0-0-c-0-gbk-0
ds=y:simsun.ttf -misc-SimSun-bold-r-normal--0-0-0-0-c-0-gbk-0
ds=y:ai=0.3:simsun.ttf -misc-SimSun-bold-i-normal--0-0-0-0-c-0-gbk-0
simsun.ttf -misc-SimSun-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-fcd8859-15
ai=0.3:simsun.ttf -misc-SimSun-medium-i-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-fcd8859-15
ds=y:simsun.ttf -misc-SimSun-bold-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-fcd8859-15
ai=0.3:simsun.ttf -misc-SimSun-bold-i-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-fcd8859-15
simsun.ttf -misc-SimSun-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-15
ai=0.3:simsun.ttf -misc-SimSun-medium-i-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-15
ds=y:simsun.ttf -misc-SimSun-bold-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-15
ai=0.3:simsun.ttf -misc-SimSun-bold-i-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-15
simsun.ttf -misc-SimSun-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-c-0-iso10646-1
ai=0.3:simsun.ttf -misc-SimSun-medium-i-normal--0-0-0-0-c-0-iso10646-1
ds=y:simsun.ttf -misc-SimSun-bold-r-normal--0-0-0-0-c-0-iso10646-1
ds=y:ai=0.3:simsun.ttf -misc-SimSun-bold-i-normal--0-0-0-0-c-0-iso10646-1
simsun.ttf -misc-song-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-c-0-gb2312.1980-0
ai=0.3:simsun.ttf -misc-song-medium-i-normal--0-0-0-0-c-0-gb2312.1980-0
ds=y:simsun.ttf -misc-song-bold-r-normal--0-0-0-0-c-0-gb2312.1980-0
ds=y:ai=0.3:simsun.ttf -misc-song-bold-i-normal--0-0-0-0-c-0-gb2312.1980-0
tahoma.ttf -misc-song-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1
ai=0.3:tahoma.ttf -misc-song-medium-i-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1
tahomabd.ttf -misc-song-bold-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1
ai=0.3:tahomabd.ttf -misc-song-bold-i-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1
simsun.ttf -misc-song-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-c-0-gbk-0
ds=y:simsun.ttf -misc-song-bold-r-normal--0-0-0-0-c-0-gbk-0
ds=y:ai=0.3:simsun.ttf -misc-song-bold-i-normal--0-0-0-0-c-0-gbk-0
simsun.ttf -tlc-song-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-c-0-gbk-0
ai=0.3:simsun.ttf -tlc-song-medium-i-normal--0-0-0-0-c-0-gbk-0
ds=y:simsun.ttf -tlc-song-bold-r-normal--0-0-0-0-c-0-gbk-0
ds=y:ai=0.3:simsun.ttf -tlc-song-bold-i-normal--0-0-0-0-c-0-gbk-0
simsun.ttf -misc-song-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-fcd8859-15
ai=0.3:simsun.ttf -misc-song-medium-i-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-fcd8859-15
ds=y:simsun.ttf -misc-song-bold-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-fcd8859-15
ai=0.3:simsun.ttf -misc-song-bold-i-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-fcd8859-15
simsun.ttf -misc-song-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-15
ai=0.3:simsun.ttf -misc-song-medium-i-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-15
ds=y:simsun.ttf -misc-song-bold-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-15
ai=0.3:simsun.ttf -misc-song-bold-i-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-15
然后再cp一份fonts.scale
#cp fonts.dir fonts.scale
copy encodings文件到TrueType目录下:
#cp /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/encodings/encodings.dir . 3. 修改/etc/X11/XF86Config
添加 FontPath "/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/TrueType/"
注释掉
Load "freetype"
Load "record"
Load "type1"
添加 Load "xtt"
到现在KDE应该OK了,然后来对付gnome. (相对KDE,我更喜欢Gnome的简洁:P )
4. 替换/usr/X11R6/share/gnome/gtkrc.zh_CN为下面的内容:
style "gtk-default-zh-cn" {
fontset = "-*-*-medium-r-normal--12-*-*-*-*-*-iso10646-1,*-r-*"
}
class "GtkWidget" style "gtk-default-zh-cn"
同样再替换掉/usr/X11R6/share/themes/Default/gtk/gtkrc.zh_CN
当然最好是把原来的文件备份一下啦!
5. 替换/usr/X11R6/etc/fonts/fonts.conf为下面内容:
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE fontconfig SYSTEM "fonts.dtd">
<!-- /etc/fonts.conf file to configure system font access -->
<fontconfig>
<!--
The intent of this standard configuration file is to be adequate for
most environments. If you have a reasonably normal environment and
have found problems with this configuration, they are probably
things that others will also want fixed. Please send any suggested
changes to [email]fonts@xfree86.org[/email] so that future releases can include
such changes.
Note that the normal 'make install' procedure for XFree86 is to
replace any existing fonts.conf file with the new version. Place
any local customizations in local.conf which this file references.
Keith Packard
-->
<!-- Font directory list configured on Thu Apr 3 13:42:53 CST 2003 -->
<dir>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/TrueType</dir>
<dir>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/Type1</dir>
<dir>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/TrueType</dir>
<dir>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/Type1</dir>
<dir>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/OTF</dir>
<dir>~/.fonts</dir>
<!--
Enable sub-pixel rendering
<match target="font">
<test qual="all" name="rgba">
<const>unknown</const>
</test>
<edit name="rgba" mode="assign"><const>rgb</const></edit>
</match>
-->
<!--
Accept deprecated 'mono' alias, replacing it with 'monospace'
-->
<match target="pattern">
<test qual="any" name="family">
<string>mono</string>
</test>
<edit name="family" mode="assign">
<string>monospace</string>
</edit>
</match>
<!--
Accept alternate 'sans serif' spelling, replacing it with 'sans-serif'
-->
<match target="pattern">
<test qual="any" name="family">
<string>sans serif</string>
</test>
<edit name="family" mode="assign">
<string>sans-serif</string>
</edit>
</match>
<!--
Accept deprecated 'sans' alias, replacing it with 'sans-serif'
-->
<match target="pattern">
<test qual="any" name="family">
<string>sans</string>
</test>
<edit name="family" mode="assign">
<string>sans-serif</string>
</edit>
</match>
<!--
Mark common families with their generics so we'll get
something reasonable
-->
<!--
Serif faces
-->
<alias>
<family>Times New Roman</family>
<family>Times</family>
<family>Nimbus Roman No9 L</family>
<family>Luxi Serif</family>
<family>Simsun</family>
<family>Kochi Mincho</family>
<family>AR PL SungtiL GB</family>
<family>AR PL Mingti2L Big5</family>
<family>Baekmuk Batang</family>
<default><family>serif</family></default>
</alias>
<!--
Sans-serif faces
-->
<alias>
<family>Tahoma</family>
<family>Verdana</family>
<family>Helvetica</family>
<family>Arial</family>
<family>Nimbus Sans L</family>
<family>Luxi Sans</family>
<family>Simsun</family>
<family>Kochi Gothic</family>
<family>AR PL KaitiM GB</family>
<family>AR PL KaitiM Big5</family>
<family>Baekmuk Dotum</family>
<default><family>sans-serif</family></default>
</alias>
<!--
Monospace faces
-->
<alias>
<family>Courier</family>
<family>Courier New</family>
<family>Andale Mono</family>
<family>Luxi Mono</family>
<family>Nimbus Mono L</family>
<family>NSimSun</family>
<default><family>monospace</family></default>
</alias>
<!--
If the font still has no generic name, add sans-serif
-->
<match target="pattern">
<test qual="all" name="family" compare="not_eq">
<string>SimSun</string>
</test>
<test qual="all" name="family" compare="not_eq">
<string>SimSun</string>
</test>
<test qual="all" name="family" compare="not_eq">
<string>SimSun</string>
</test>
<edit name="family" mode="append_last">
<string>SimSun</string>
</edit>
</match>
<!--
Load per-user customization file
-->
<include ignore_missing="yes">~/.fonts.conf</include>
<!--
Load local system customization file
-->
<include ignore_missing="yes">local.conf</include>
<!--
Alias well known font names to available TrueType fonts
-->
<alias>
<family>Times</family>
<accept><family>Times New Roman</family></accept>
</alias>
<alias>
<family>Helvetica</family>
<accept><family>Verdana</family></accept>
</alias>
<alias>
<family>Arial</family>
<accept><family>Verdana</family></accept>
</alias>
<alias>
<family>Courier</family>
<accept><family>Courier New</family></accept>
</alias>
<!--
Provide required aliases for standard names
-->
<alias>
<family>serif</family>
<prefer>
<family>SimSun</family>
<family>Times New Roman</family>
<family>Nimbus Roman No9 L</family>
<family>Luxi Serif</family>
<family>Times</family>
<family>Simsun</family>
<family>Kochi Mincho</family>
<family>AR PL SungtiL GB</family>
<family>AR PL Mingti2L Big5</family>
<family>Baekmuk Batang</family>
</prefer>
</alias>
<alias>
<family>sans-serif</family>
<prefer>
<family>Tahoma</family>
<family>Verdana</family>
<family>Nimbus Sans L</family>
<family>Luxi Sans</family>
<family>Arial</family>
<family>Helvetica</family>
<family>SimSun</family>
<family>Kochi Gothic</family>
<family>AR PL KaitiM GB</family>
<family>AR PL KaitiM Big5</family>
<family>Baekmuk Dotum</family>
</prefer>
</alias>
<alias>
<family>monospace</family>
<prefer>
<family>SimSun</family>
<family>Andale Mono</family>
<family>Courier New</family>
<family>Luxi Mono</family>
<family>Nimbus Mono L</family>
<family>NSimSun</family>
<family>Kochi Gothic</family>
<family>AR PL KaitiM GB</family>
<family>Baekmuk Dotum</family>
</prefer>
</alias>
<!--
Artificial oblique for fonts without an italic or oblique version
-->
<match target="font">
<!-- check to see if the font is roman -->
<test name="slant">
<const>roman</const>
</test>
<!-- check to see if the pattern requested non-roman -->
<test target="pattern" name="slant" compare="not_eq">
<const>roman</const>
</test>
<!-- multiply the matrix to slant the font -->
<edit name="matrix" mode="assign">
<times>
<name>matrix</name>
<matrix><double>1</double><double>.2</double>
<double>0</double><double>1</double>
</matrix>
</times>
</edit>
<!-- pretend the font is oblique now -->
<edit name="slant" mode="assign">
<const>oblique</const>
</edit>
</match>
<!--
This expression is added by Akito Hirai<akito@kde.gr.jp> for convenience.
It can be used to make artificial bold versions in client libraries/applications.
-->
<match target="font">
<test name="weight">
<const>medium</const>
</test>
<test target="pattern" name="weight" compare="more">
<const>medium</const>
</test>
<edit name="weight" mode="assign">
<if>
<more>
<name>spacing</name>
<const>proportional</const>
</more>
<const>demibold</const> <!-- for monospace -->
<const>bold</const> <!-- for proportional -->
</if>
</edit>
</match>
<match target="font">
<test name="pixelsize" compare="less_eq">
<double>16</double>
</test>
<test name="pixelsize" compare="more_eq">
<double>8</double>
</test>
<edit name="antialias" mode="assign">
<bool>f</bool>
</edit>
</match>
<match target="font">
<test name="size" compare="less_eq">
<double>16</double>
</test>
<test name="size" compare="more_eq">
<double>8</double>
</test>
<edit name="antialias" mode="assign">
<bool>f</bool>
</edit>
</match>
<config>
<!--
These are the default Unicode chars that are expected to be blank
in fonts. All other blank chars are assumed to be broken and
won't appear in the resulting charsets
-->
<blank>
<int>0x0020</int> <!-- SPACE -->
<int>0x00a0</int> <!-- NO-BREAK SPACE -->
<int>0x00ad</int> <!-- SOFT HYPHEN -->
<int>0x115f</int> <!-- HANGUL CHOSEONG FILLER -->
<int>0x1160</int> <!-- HANGUL JUNGSEONG FILLER -->
<int>0x1680</int> <!-- OGHAM SPACE MARK -->
<int>0x2000</int> <!-- EN QUAD -->
<int>0x2001</int> <!-- EM QUAD -->
<int>0x2002</int> <!-- EN SPACE -->
<int>0x2003</int> <!-- EM SPACE -->
<int>0x2004</int> <!-- THREE-PER-EM SPACE -->
<int>0x2005</int> <!-- FOUR-PER-EM SPACE -->
<int>0x2006</int> <!-- SIX-PER-EM SPACE -->
<int>0x2007</int> <!-- FIGURE SPACE -->
<int>0x2008</int> <!-- PUNCTUATION SPACE -->
<int>0x2009</int> <!-- THIN SPACE -->
<int>0x200a</int> <!-- HAIR SPACE -->
<int>0x200b</int> <!-- ZERO WIDTH SPACE -->
<int>0x200c</int> <!-- ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER -->
<int>0x200d</int> <!-- ZERO WIDTH JOINER -->
<int>0x200e</int> <!-- LEFT-TO-RIGHT MARK -->
<int>0x200f</int> <!-- RIGHT-TO-LEFT MARK -->
<int>0x2028</int> <!-- LINE SEPARATOR -->
<int>0x2029</int> <!-- PARAGRAPH SEPARATOR -->
<int>0x202a</int> <!-- LEFT-TO-RIGHT EMBEDDING -->
<int>0x202b</int> <!-- RIGHT-TO-LEFT EMBEDDING -->
<int>0x202c</int> <!-- POP DIRECTIONAL FORMATTING -->
<int>0x202d</int> <!-- LEFT-TO-RIGHT OVERRIDE -->
<int>0x202e</int> <!-- RIGHT-TO-LEFT OVERRIDE -->
<int>0x202f</int> <!-- NARROW NO-BREAK SPACE -->
<int>0x205f</int> <!-- MEDIUM MATHEMATICAL SPACE -->
<int>0x2060</int> <!-- WORD JOINER -->
<int>0x2061</int> <!-- FUNCTION APPLICATION -->
<int>0x2062</int> <!-- INVISIBLE TIMES -->
<int>0x2063</int> <!-- INVISIBLE SEPARATOR -->
<int>0x206A</int> <!-- INHIBIT SYMMETRIC SWAPPING -->
<int>0x206B</int> <!-- ACTIVATE SYMMETRIC SWAPPING -->
<int>0x206C</int> <!-- INHIBIT ARABIC FORM SHAPING -->
<int>0x206D</int> <!-- ACTIVATE ARABIC FORM SHAPING -->
<int>0x206E</int> <!-- NATIONAL DIGIT SHAPES -->
<int>0x206F</int> <!-- NOMINAL DIGIT SHAPES -->
<int>0x3000</int> <!-- IDEOGRAPHIC SPACE -->
<int>0x3164</int> <!-- HANGUL FILLER -->
<int>0xfeff</int> <!-- ZERO WIDTH NO-BREAK SPACE -->
<int>0xffa0</int> <!-- HALFWIDTH HANGUL FILLER -->
<int>0xfff9</int> <!-- INTERLINEAR ANNOTATION ANCHOR -->
<int>0xfffa</int> <!-- INTERLINEAR ANNOTATION SEPARATOR -->
<int>0xfffa</int> <!-- INTERLINEAR ANNOTATION TERMINATOR -->
</blank>
<!--
Rescan configuration every 30 seconds when FcFontSetList is called
-->
<rescan>
<int>30</int>
</rescan>
</config>
</fontconfig> 6. 修改~下的.profile,添加:
LANG=zh_CN.EUC
LC_ALL=zh_CN.EUC
export LANG LC_ALL
我用的是bash,如果是csh(默认)的话对应的是 .cshrc
setenv LC_ALL zh_CN.EUC
setenv LANG zh_CN.EUC
7. 现在重新login,startx之后就可以看到中文了.
对于gnome,
菜单->应用程序->桌面首选项->字体,全都选9号的tahoma,就可以看到PP的中文字了!
对于kde
kcontrol->外观和主题->字体
8. 安装输入法,
到/usr/ports/chinese/chinput3下make install clean发现不能用 郁闷
后来在网上找到了一个好用的chinput,解开之后
#make
#make data
#make install
#make data-install
修改~/.xinit,添加:
export XMODIFIERS=@im=Chinput
chinput&
exec gnome-session
#exec startkde
这样就可以了.
不过chinput不是很好用,很多程序里都输不了汉字,听说fcitx挺好用,而且已经在ports里面了
9. BBS
cd /usr/ports/chinese/qterm; make install clean就 OK了!
不过要注意修改 ~/.qterm/qterm.cfg的属性,默认不能修改的
#chmod 664 ~/.qterm/qterm.cfg 谢谢
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