Linux系统中使用GCC CPU参数优化代码编译

来源:中国IT实验室 作者:中国IT实验室
  

  使用特定的GCC参数可以使编译出的程序执行效率有较大提升。具体如下:

  1、优化原理:

  在编译程序时,借助参数传递的方法,使用与系统CPU相匹配的gcc参数,编译出的程序就是为系统CPU而进行特定优化过的,因而执行速度和效率都会是最好。

  2、注意事项

  (1) 经过大量测试发现,在RedHat, CentOS系统中通常只能通过参数传递的方法进行编译优化,当然,如果愿意并且能够修改程序的MakeFile也可以达到这一效果,只不过比较复杂,工作量较大。其他在网上广为流传的方法(例如:直接通过.bashrc, /etc/profile声明参数系统变量、写入/etc/make.conf等)经过测试均没有效果。

  (2) 对于Gentoo Linux或FreeBSD可以通过修改/etc/make.conf添加参数的方法来实现,而不必使用参数传递法。

  3、优化步骤:

  (1)确定系统CPU类型:

  # cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "model name"

  执行后会看到系统中CPU的具体型号,记下CPU型号。

  (2)使用参数传递方法进行编译:(以Pentium4 CPU为例)

  此处以编译Apache为例说明如何使用参数传递:

  # tar xzvf httpd-2.0.55.tar.gz

  # cd httpd-2.0.55

  CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu" \

  CFLAGS="-O3 \

  -msse2 \

  -mmmx \

  -mfpmath=sse \

  -mcpu=pentium4 \

  -march=pentium4 \

  -pipe \

  -fomit-frame-pointer" \

  CXXFLAGS="-O3 \

  -msse2 \

  -mmmx \

  -mfpmath=sse \

  -funroll-loops \

  -mcpu=pentium4 \

  -march=pentium4 \

  -pipe \

  -fomit-frame-pointer" \

  ./configure ……

  # make

  # make install

  这样就通过函数传递方法实现了编译优化。下面对其中的一些参数进行具体说明:

  -O3:相对于-O、-O1、-O2,-O3开启了所有GCC支持的优化特性;

  -msse2:开启CPU所支持的sse2指令集;

  -mmmx:参考-msse2

  -mfpmath=sse:为指定指令集生成浮点运算特性(优化浮点运算功能);

  -mcpu:指定CPU型号;

  -march:指定CPU型号,基本同-mcpu,GCC根据-march设定的CPU型号决定在生成代码时可以使用哪些种类的指令。(注意!-march参数在某些CPU型号中不可用!)

  -pipe:使用管道(pipe)方法替代临时文件方法在编译的不同阶段之间进行通讯。

  附:常见CPU优化参数

  386:

  CHOST="i386-pc-linux-gnu"

  CFLAGS="-march=i386 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

  CXXFLAGS="-march=i386 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

  486:

  CHOST="i486-pc-linux-gnu"

  CFLAGS="-march=i486 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

  CXXFLAGS="-march=i486 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

  Pentium (Intel):

  CHOST="i586-pc-linux-gnu"

  CFLAGS="-march=pentium -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

  CXXFLAGS="-march=pentium -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

  Pentium MMX (Intel):

  CHOST="i586-pc-linux-gnu"

  CFLAGS="-march=pentium-mmx -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

  CXXFLAGS="-march=pentium-mmx -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

  Pentium PRO (Intel):

  CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu"

  CFLAGS="-march=pentiumpro -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

  CXXFLAGS="-march=pentiumpro -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

  Pentium II (Intel):

  CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu"

  CFLAGS="-march=pentium2 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

  CXXFLAGS="-march=pentium2 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

  Celeron (Intel):

  CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu"

  CFLAGS="-march=pentium2 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

  CXXFLAGS="-march=pentium2 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

  Pentium III (Intel):

  CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu"

  CFLAGS="-march=pentium3 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

  CXXFLAGS="-march=pentium3 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

  Celeron2 (Intel):

  CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu"

  CFLAGS="-march=pentium3 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

  CXXFLAGS="-march=pentium3 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

  Celeron (Willamette-Intel):

  CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu"

  CFLAGS="-march=pentium4 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

  CXXFLAGS="-march=pentium4 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

  Pentium 4 (Intel):

  CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu"

  CFLAGS="-march=pentium4 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

  CXXFLAGS="-march=pentium4 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

  K6 (AMD):

  CHOST="i586-pc-linux-gnu"

  CFLAGS="-march=k6 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

  CXXFLAGS="-march=k6 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

  K6-2 (AMD):

  CHOST="i586-pc-linux-gnu"

  CFLAGS="-march=k6-2 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

  CXXFLAGS="-march=k6-2 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

  K6-3 (AMD):

  CHOST="i586-pc-linux-gnu"

  CFLAGS="-march=k6-3 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

  CXXFLAGS="-march=k6-3 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

  Athlon (AMD):

  CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu"

  CFLAGS="-march=athlon -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

  CXXFLAGS="-march=athlon -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

  Athlon-tbird, aka K7 (AMD):

  CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu"

  CFLAGS="-march=athlon-tbird -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

  CXXFLAGS="-march=athlon-tbird -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

  Athlon-tbird XP (AMD):

  CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu"

  CFLAGS="-march=athlon-xp -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

  CXXFLAGS="-march=athlon-xp -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

  Athlon 4(AMD):

  CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu"

  CFLAGS="-march=athlon-4 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

  CXXFLAGS="-march=athlon-4 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

  Athlon XP (AMD):

  CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu"

  CFLAGS="-march=athlon-xp -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

  CXXFLAGS="-march=athlon-xp -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

  Athlon MP (AMD):

  CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu"

  CFLAGS="-march=athlon-mp -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

  CXXFLAGS="-march=athlon-mp -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

  603 (PowerPC):

  CHOST="powerpc-unknown-linux-gnu"

  CFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer -fsigned-char"

  CXXFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer -fsigned-char"

  603e (PowerPC):

  CHOST="powerpc-unknown-linux-gnu"

  CFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer -fsigned-char"

  CXXFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer -fsigned-char"

  604 (PowerPC):

  CHOST="powerpc-unknown-linux-gnu"

  CFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer -fsigned-char"

  CXXFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer -fsigned-char"

  604e (PowerPC):

  CHOST="powerpc-unknown-linux-gnu"

  CFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer -fsigned-char"

  CXXFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer -fsigned-char"

  750 aka as G3 (PowerPC):

  CHOST="powerpc-unknown-linux-gnu"

  CFLAGS="-mcpu=750 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer -fsigned-char"

  CXXFLAGS="-mcpu=750 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer -fsigned-char"

  7400, aka G4 (PowerPC):

  CHOST="powerpc-unknown-linux-gnu"

  CFLAGS="-mcpu=7400 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer -fsigned-char -maltivec"

  CXXFLAGS="-mcpu=7400 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer -fsigned-char -maltivec"

  7450, aka G4 second generation (PowerPC):

  CHOST="powerpc-unknown-linux-gnu"

  CFLAGS="-mcpu=7450 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer -fsigned-char -maltivec"

  CXXFLAGS="-mcpu=7450 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer -fsigned-char -maltivec"

  PowerPC (If you don't know which one):

  CHOST="powerpc-unknown-linux-gnu"

  CFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer -fsigned-char"

  CXXFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer -fsigned-char"

  Sparc:

  CHOST="sparc-unknown-linux-gnu"

  CFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

  CXXFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

  Sparc 64:

  CHOST="sparc64-unknown-linux-gnu"

  CFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

  CXXFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

(责任编辑:A6)


时间:2007-09-08 10:22 来源:中国IT实验室 作者:中国IT实验室 原文链接

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